Everything about Hjalmar Branting totally explained
(
23 November 1860 –
24 February 1925) was a
Swedish politician. He was the leader of the
Swedish Social Democratic Party (1907–1925), and
Prime Minister during three separate periods (1920, 1922–1923, and 1924–1925). When Branting first came to power in 1920, he wasn't only the first Swedish
Prime Minister who took office following elections with
universal suffrage, but also the first
socialist politician in Europe to do so.
His education was in mathematical astronomy, and he was an assistant at the
Stockholm Observatory; but he gave up scientific work to become a journalist in 1884. He began editing the newspaper
Social-Demokraten in
1886, was together with
August Palm one of the main organizers of the
Swedish Social Democratic Party in
1889, and was its first Member of Parliament from
1896, and for six years the only one.
He led the Social Democrats in opposing a war to keep
Norway united with Sweden. When the
crisis came in 1905, he coined the slogan "Hands off Norway, King!" The Social Democrats organized resistance to a call-up of reserves and a general strike against a war, and are credited with a substantial share in preventing one.
Hjalmar Branting accepted
Eduard Bernstein's revision of
Marxism and became a
reformist socialist, advocating a peaceful transition from
capitalism towards socialism. He believed that if workers were given the vote, this could be achieved by parliamentary ways. Branting supported the
February Revolution in
Russia in
1917. He was pro-
Menshevik and defended the government of
Kerensky, who he even personally visited in
Petrograd.
When the
October Revolution broke out the same year, Branting condemned the
Bolshevik seizure of power.
1917 also saw a split in the Swedish Social Democratic Party, the
youth league and the revolutionary sections of the party broke away and formed the
Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden, headed by
Zeth Höglund. This group soon became the (original) Swedish
Communist Party. Zeth Höglund later wrote a two-volume biography about Hjalmar Branting.
As Prime Minister he brought Sweden into the
League of Nations and was personally active as a delegate within it. When the question of whether
Åland should be handed over to
Sweden after the independence of
Finland from
Russia was brought up, he let the League of Nation decide upon the issue. He was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in
1921 for his work in the League of Nations.
Branting is commemorated by the
Branting Monument in Stockholm.
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